The Real Risk at Yellowstone Is Not a Super-Eruption But a Powerful Earthquake

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Despite all the attention directed toward the supervolcano, experts monitoring activity at the park around the clock say it isn’t an eruption we should be immediately concerned about… It’s earthquakes.

The seismically active region produces up to 2,500 small earthquakes a year on average, and scientists say it’s only a matter of time before it’s rocked by a much larger magnitude 7 event.

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The probability of strong earthquake at Yellowstone is higher than a supereruption. Isoseismal Map of the M7.3 earthquake in Yellowstone at Hedgen Lake, Montana in 1959. Largest earthquake in Montana. via USGS

Fears of the supervolcano lurking at the heart of Yellowstone National Park have long lingered in the backs of many Americans’ minds.

It’s been nearly 650,000 years since the last giant eruption, and predicting when the next will occur is a complex feat that continues to elude scientists.

But they affirm that: ‘The biggest concern we have for Yellowstone is not with the volcano, it’s with the earthquakes. This is an underappreciated hazard in the Yellowstone area. There can and there will be in the future magnitude-7 earthquakes,’ said Michael Poland, scientist-in-charge at the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory.

Low Chance of Major Volcanic Eruption at Yellowstone

The chances of a major volcanic eruption at Yellowstone are currently considered to be quite low.

Based on knowledge of three explosive eruptions in the past 2.1 million years, at an interval of about 600,000 to 800,000 years, scientists estimate the yearly probability of another major event to be about 1 in 730,000.

Smaller lava flows have sprung up in the time between, with the last occurring about 70,000 years ago.

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A road completely destroyed after the M7.3 earthquake at Hedgen Lake, Montana Photo by I.J. Witkind via USGS

What about Super Earthquakes in Yellowstone?

Large earthquakes, on the other hand, are far more common.

A magnitude 7.3 earthquake hit the park just 59 years ago on August 17, 1959, spurring a landslide that resulted in 28 deaths.

The event shook so many rocks loose – more than 80 million tons – that the debris blocked a river and created an entirely new lake, the Earthquake Lake.

Another quake of this magnitude is likely to occur in the foreseeable future. And when it does, it will strike by surprise. And compared to the quake that happened in the late 1950s, a magnitude 7 event at the park today would be far more catastrophic.

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Landslide and slumping damage to State Highway 287 after the Hedgen Lake earthquake on August 18, 1959. Photo by J.R. Stacy via USGS

Scientists are continually monitoring Yellowstone for any signs that a hazard may be brewing, with live maps from multiple observatories showing where and how big each tremor is as it hits, paying particular attention to earthquake swarms.

For now, the region remains at its normal alert level for both volcanic activity and seismicity, with earthquake activity said to be at background levels as of the most recent USGS update.

Such a massive earthquake is something that happens on a human life scale. We can say where they are likely to occur, but we can’t say when. So be prepared or get ready now! [USGS, USA Today, USGS, Strange Sounds]

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1 Comment

  1. —- They are already saying that the US government forbids people to talk and take pictures of this volcano. This means that something is being done to them, and they do not want people (World Wide) to know about it. HAARP S.O.B.

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